2021年10月20日 | 【自学51单片机】7--LED点阵学习

1、LED点阵介绍

LED点阵由多个LED小灯构成，以8*8LED点阵介绍，实物图和内部原理图如下。

图7-2左侧8个引脚为内部LED小灯阳极，上侧8个引脚为阴极。

2、点亮LED点阵

2.1 原理

点亮LED点阵与点亮LED小灯原理相似，根据LED点阵电路图分析即可，详细见第三章。

2.2 点亮全部LED点阵程序

利用定时器中断和数码管动态显示原理，就不进行说明，详细见第六章

3、取模软件简单介绍

取模软件可以将LED点阵图形的数据转换为程序中的数据。取模软件中黑色为LED熄灭，值为1，白色为LED点亮，值为0。如下图绘制了一个心形。

下面来说明取模软件参数的选取。

取模方式：根据LED点阵结构原理图，PO口控制的是一行，选择“横向取模”，控制的是一列，则选择“纵向取模”。

字节倒序：根据LED点阵结构原理图，若PO口左侧控制的是低位，右侧控制高位，勾选该选项，否则不勾选。

4、点阵动画显示

原理：对多张图片进行取模，利用程序算法切换图片形成动画。

4.1 横向左右移动(I ❤ U)动画程序

//LED点阵I love you 左右横向移动

#include

sbit ADDR0 = P1^0;

sbit ADDR1 = P1^1;

sbit ADDR2 = P1^2;

sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;

sbit ENLED = P1^4;

unsigned char code image[60][8]={ //图片字模表

{0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF},  //往左动画

{0xFF,0x7F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F}, //动画帧2

{0xFF,0x3F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x3F}, 

{0xFF,0x1F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x1F}, 

{0xFF,0x0F,0x9F,0x9F,0x9F,0x9F,0x9F,0x0F}, 

{0xFF,0x87,0xCF,0xCF,0xCF,0xCF,0xCF,0x87}, 

{0xFF,0xC3,0xE7,0xE7,0xE7,0xE7,0xE7,0xC3}, 

{0xFF,0xE1,0x73,0x73,0x73,0xF3,0xF3,0xE1}, 

{0xFF,0x70,0x39,0x39,0x39,0x79,0xF9,0xF0}, 

{0xFF,0x38,0x1C,0x1C,0x1C,0x3C,0x7C,0xF8}, 

{0xFF,0x9C,0x0E,0x0E,0x0E,0x1E,0x3E,0x7C}, 

{0xFF,0xCE,0x07,0x07,0x07,0x0F,0x1F,0x3E}, 

{0xFF,0x67,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x07,0x0F,0x9F}, 

{0xFF,0x33,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x03,0x87,0xCF}, 

{0xFF,0x99,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x81,0xC3,0xE7}, 

{0xFF,0xCC,0x80,0x80,0x80,0xC0,0xE1,0xF3}, 

{0xFF,0xE6,0xC0,0xC0,0xC0,0xE0,0xF0,0xF9}, 

{0xFF,0x73,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x70,0x78,0xFC}, 

{0xFF,0x39,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x38,0x3C,0x7E}, 

{0xFF,0x9C,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x9C,0x1E,0x3F}, 

{0xFF,0xCE,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCE,0x0F,0x1F}, 

{0xFF,0x67,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x67,0x07,0x0F}, 

{0xFF,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x03,0x87}, 

{0xFF,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x81,0xC3}, 

{0xFF,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xC0,0xE1},

{0xFF,0xE6,0xE6,0xE6,0xE6,0xE6,0xE0,0xF0}, 

{0xFF,0xF3,0xF3,0xF3,0xF3,0xF3,0xF0,0xF8}, 

{0xFF,0xF9,0xF9,0xF9,0xF9,0xF9,0xF8,0xFC}, 

{0xFF,0xFC,0xFC,0xFC,0xFC,0xFC,0xFC,0xFE}, 

{0xFF,0xFE,0xFE,0xFE,0xFE,0xFE,0xFE,0xFF}, //动画帧 30

{0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF}, //往右动画

    {0xFF,0xFE,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE},

    {0xFF,0xFC,0xFE,0xFE,0xFE,0xFE,0xFE,0xFC},

    {0xFF,0xF8,0xFC,0xFC,0xFC,0xFC,0xFC,0xF8},

    {0xFF,0xF0,0xF9,0xF9,0xF9,0xF9,0xF9,0xF0},

    {0xFF,0xE1,0xF3,0xF3,0xF3,0xF3,0xF3,0xE1},

    {0xFF,0xC3,0xE7,0xE7,0xE7,0xE7,0xE7,0xC3},

    {0xFF,0x87,0xCE,0xCE,0xCE,0xCF,0xCF,0x87},

    {0xFF,0x0E,0x9C,0x9C,0x9C,0x9E,0x9F,0x0F},

    {0xFF,0x1C,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x3C,0x3E,0x1F},

    {0xFF,0x39,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x78,0x7C,0x3E}, 

    {0xFF,0x73,0xE0,0xE0,0xE0,0xF0,0xF8,0x7C},

    {0xFF,0xE6,0xC0,0xC0,0xC0,0xE0,0xF0,0xF9},

    {0xFF,0xCC,0x80,0x80,0x80,0xC0,0xE1,0xF3},

    {0xFF,0x99,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x81,0xC3,0xE7},

    {0xFF,0x33,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x03,0x87,0xCF},

    {0xFF,0x67,0x03,0x03,0x03,0x07,0x0F,0x9F},

    {0xFF,0xCE,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x0E,0x1E,0x3F},

    {0xFF,0x9C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x1C,0x3C,0x7E},

    {0xFF,0x39,0x19,0x19,0x19,0x39,0x78,0xFC},

    {0xFF,0x73,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x73,0xF0,0xF8},

    {0xFF,0xE6,0x66,0x66,0x66,0xE6,0xE0,0xF0},

    {0xFF,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xC0,0xE1},

    {0xFF,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x99,0x81,0xC3},

    {0xFF,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x33,0x03,0x87},

    {0xFF,0x67,0x67,0x67,0x67,0x67,0x07,0x0F},

    {0xFF,0xCF,0xCF,0xCF,0xCF,0xCF,0x0F,0x1F},

    {0xFF,0x9F,0x9F,0x9F,0x9F,0x9F,0x1F,0x3F},

    {0xFF,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x3F,0x7F},

    {0xFF,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0x7F,0xFF}, //动画帧60

};

void main()

{

EA = 1;//使能总使能

ENLED = 0;//使能U4，选择点亮点阵

ADDR3 = 0;

TMOD = 0x01;//为T0配置模式一

TH0 = 0xFC;//为T0赋值，定时1ms

TL0 = 0x67;

ET0 = 1; //使能T0中断

TR0 = 1; //开启T0

while(1);

}

void intertuptTimer0() interrupt 1

{

static unsigned char i = 0;//动态扫描索引

static unsigned int tmr = 0;//250ms软件定时器

static unsigned char index = 0;//图片刷新索引

TH0 = 0xFC; //重新加载初值

TL0 = 0x67;

//以下代码为点阵动态扫描刷新

P0 = 0xFF;//消除鬼影

switch(i)

{

case 0: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=image[index][0];break;

case 1: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=image[index][1];break;

case 2: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=image[index][2];break;

case 3: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=image[index][3];break;

case 4: ADDR2=1;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=image[index][4];break;

case 5: ADDR2=1;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=image[index][5];break;

case 6: ADDR2=1;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=image[index][6];break;

case 7: ADDR2=1;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=1;i=0;P0=image[index][7];break;

default:break;

}

//以下代码完成每250ms改变一帧图像

tmr++;

if(tmr >= 250)//达到250ms改变一次图片索引

{

tmr = 0;

index++;

if(index >= 60) //图片索引达60后归零

{

index = 0;

}

}

}

左右移动动画和上下移动动画，会因LED点阵原理图中是横向取模或纵向取模而显得难度不同，若LED点阵是横向取模，则上下移动动画容易实现（因不同图片字模数据是连续的），而左右移动动画不易实现（因不同图片字模数据是不连续的）。博主用的LED点阵为横向取模，上下移动动画程序就不展示了，上面展示了左右移动动画程序。

4.2 LED点阵动画9 - 0倒计时程序

 //LED点阵动画9-0倒计时

#include

sbit ADDR0 = P1^0;

sbit ADDR1 = P1^1;

sbit ADDR2 = P1^2;

sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;

sbit ENLED = P1^4;

unsigned char code image[11][8]={ //图片字模表

{0xC3, 0x81, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x81, 0xC3},  //数字0

    {0xEF, 0xE7, 0xE3, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0xC3},  //数字1

    {0xC3, 0x81, 0x9D, 0x87, 0xC3, 0xF9, 0xC1, 0x81},  //数字2

    {0xC3, 0x81, 0x9D, 0xC7, 0xC7, 0x9D, 0x81, 0xC3},  //数字3

    {0xCF, 0xC7, 0xC3, 0xC9, 0xC9, 0x81, 0xCF, 0xCF},  //数字4

    {0x81, 0xC1, 0xF9, 0xC3, 0x87, 0x9D, 0x81, 0xC3},  //数字5

    {0xC3, 0x81, 0xF9, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x99, 0x81, 0xC3},  //数字6

    {0x81, 0x81, 0x9F, 0xCF, 0xCF, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0xE7},  //数字7

    {0xC3, 0x81, 0x99, 0xC3, 0xC3, 0x99, 0x81, 0xC3},  //数字8

    {0xC3, 0x81, 0x99, 0x81, 0x83, 0x9F, 0x83, 0xC1},  //数字9

    {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},  //全亮

};

void main()

{

EA = 1;//使能总使能

ENLED = 0;//使能U4，选择点亮点阵

ADDR3 = 0;

TMOD = 0x01;//为T0配置模式一

TH0 = 0xFC;//为T0赋值，定时1ms

TL0 = 0x67;

ET0 = 1; //使能T0中断

TR0 = 1; //开启T0

while(1);

}

void intertuptTimer0() interrupt 1

{

static unsigned char i = 0;//动态扫描索引

static unsigned int tmr = 0;//1s软件定时器

static signed char index = 9;//图片刷新索引

TH0 = 0xFC; //重新加载初值

TL0 = 0x67;

//以下代码为点阵动态扫描刷新

P0 = 0xFF;//消除鬼影

switch(i)

{

case 0: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=image[index][0];break;

case 1: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=image[index][1];break;

case 2: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=image[index][2];break;

case 3: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=image[index][3];break;

case 4: ADDR2=1;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=image[index][4];break;

case 5: ADDR2=1;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=image[index][5];break;

case 6: ADDR2=1;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=image[index][6];break;

case 7: ADDR2=1;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=1;i=0;P0=image[index][7];break;

default:break;

}

//以下代码完成每1s改变一帧图像

tmr++;

if(tmr >= 1000)//达到1s改变一次图片索引

{

tmr = 0;

index--;

if(index < 0) //图片索引达-1后赋值为10

{

index = 10;

}

}

}

4.3 流水灯、数码管和LED点阵同时点亮程序

#include

sbit ADDR0 = P1^0;

sbit ADDR1 = P1^1;

sbit ADDR2 = P1^2;

sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;

sbit ENLED = P1^4;

void main()

{

    EA = 1; //使能总中断

ENLED = 0; //使能U3，U4，因动态扫描，点亮数码管，ADDR0-3需动态变化

TMOD = 0x10;//配置T1为模式一

TH1 = 0xFE; //为T1赋0xFE33，定时0.5ms

TL1 = 0x33;

ET1 = 1; //使能T1中断

TR1 = 1;//开启定时器T1

while(1);//在语句中一直循环，直到定时器T1中断

}

//以下为定时器T1的中断函数

void InterruptTimer1()  interrupt 3

{

static unsigned char i = 0; //动态扫描索引

TH1 = 0xFE; //为T1赋0xFE33，定时0.5ms

TL1 = 0x33;

//以下代码为LED小灯、数码管和LED点阵动态扫描

P0 = 0xff;//显示消隐

switch(i)

{

//点亮LED小灯部分

case 0: ADDR3=1;ADDR2=1;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=0;break;

//数码管的动态扫描部分

case 1: ADDR3=1;ADDR2=0;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=0;break;

case 2: ADDR3=1;ADDR2=0;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=0;break;

case 3: ADDR3=1;ADDR2=0;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=0;break;

case 4: ADDR3=1;ADDR2=0;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=0;break;

case 5: ADDR3=1;ADDR2=1;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=0;break;

case 6: ADDR3=1;ADDR2=1;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=0;break;

//LED点阵的动态扫描部分

case 7: ADDR3=0;ADDR2=0;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=0;break;

case 8: ADDR3=0;ADDR2=0;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=0;break;

case 9: ADDR3=0;ADDR2=0;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=0;break;

case 10: ADDR3=0;ADDR2=0;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=0;break;

case 11: ADDR3=0;ADDR2=1;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=0;break;

case 12: ADDR3=0;ADDR2=1;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=1;i++;P0=0;break;

case 13: ADDR3=0;ADDR2=1;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=0;i++;P0=0;break;

case 14: ADDR3=0;ADDR2=1;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=1;i=0;P0=0;break;

default:break;

}

}